September 17, 1966: "Mission: Impossible" Premieres

Top: Greg Morris and Peter Lupus.

Bottom: Martin Landau, Barbara Bain and Peter Graves.

September 17, 1966: Mission: Impossible premieres on CBS, part of American show business' attempts to copy Britain's James Bond franchise, attempts which also included the TV series The Man from U.N.C.L.E., and spoofs like the TV series Get Smart and Dean Martin's Matt Helm films.

With Argentine composer Lalo Schifrin giving it one of the great TV theme songs of all time, the premise was shown at the beginning of each episode. Before I get to that, I should point out that, originally, the leader of the Impossible Missions Force, or IMF, was Dan Briggs. But his portrayer, Steven Hill, was an Orthodox Jew, and the production schedule had to be worked around the fact that he could not work from 4:00 PM on Friday until after dark on Saturday. So, for the 2nd season, he was replaced by Peter Graves, brother of Gunsmoke star James Arness (the family name was Aurness), as Jim Phelps.

Phelps would find a hidden tape recorder, along with an envelope that contained photos and information necessary for the mission. The voice, never identified by either name or position, but played by Robert C. "Bob" Johnson, began, "Good morning, Mr. Phelps," and described the people in the photos. "Your mission, Jim, should you choose to accept it, is to... " Phelps was never shown declining a mission, but there were occasions where the voice said, "Your mission, Jim, which I one I feel that you must accept... "

The tape would end with, "As always, should you, or any of your IM Force be caught or killed, the Secretary will disavow any knowledge of your actions. This tape will self-destruct in five seconds. Good luck, Jim." Phelps would then stop the tape, and it would start smoking. The expression "self-destruct" was coined by the show's writers. In a 1969 episode, Star Trek would use the term "auto-destruct," perhaps to avoid being seen as copying Mission: Impossible, but "self-destruct" became the preferred term in the genre of crime and spy fiction.

It was never explained what "the Secretary" was Secretary of, but, since the missions were usually on foreign soil, it can be safely presumed that it was the Secretary of State of the United States -- in real life at the time, Dean Rusk (1966-69) or William P. Rogers (1969-73). During the course of the show, no disavowal was ever necessary.

Next came "the dossier scene," in which Phelps takes an oversized, leather-bound folder out of a locked drawer, with dossiers of the available IMF agents. He would make his selections, and toss them on a coffee table. It was considered an honor for a CBS executive or staffer to have their picture in a rejected dossier.

The agents he usually suggested were Rollin Hand (Martin Landau), an actor with disguise, magic and escape skills; Cinnamon Carter (Barbara Bain, then Landau's real-life wife), a model and actress; Barney Collier (Greg Morris), an electronics genius, then considered a big step forward for a black actor; and Willy Armitage (Peter Lupus), a world-record weightlifter whose strength was a significant asset on missions. There would sometimes be a "guest agent," often a doctor, particularly a specialist in a condition known to afflict the target.

Series creator Bruce Geller wanted to keep the focus on the team's capers, and so the agents were rarely if ever seen in their "real" lives. We never really found out anything about them, such as where they were from, or how they met Phelps and got hired.

The action would commence, usually in a far-off country, often one made-up to avoid actual Cold War storylines (there were episodes set in the Soviet Union, but never in China or Vietnam), and it would seem to be an "impossible" mission, but Phelps would know exactly what each agent could do to make it possible.

And they would pull it off, and the episode would end with them driving off, not waiting around to see the effects. The "target" would often be seen getting arrested, but never tried or executed. (Dragnet, the police series revived at around the same time, would do follow-ups as a postscript, but M:I did not.)

There would be no return from a final commercial, to show them discussing their exploits in a bar, or in Phelps' apartment, or anywhere else. Rather, they were just shown getting away from the mission, observing what would later be NCIS Rule Number 11: "When the job is done, walk away."

Occasionally, there would be an "off-the-books" mission: One of the agents would be captured, and the others would have to rescue them; or one of the agents would make it personal, as in when an occasional longtime friend of Phelps was killed, or when Barney's brother was.

Morris and Lupus were the only actors to stay with the series through its entire run, although Graves stayed for the length once he took over from Hill. Landau and Bain left after 3 seasons, despite Bain winning the Emmy Award for Best Actress all 3 seasons. They later co-starred on the science fiction series Space: 1999, but, sadly, later divorced.

Replacing Landau's Rollin Hand as magician and master of disguise was Leonard Nimoy, available since his role as Spock had been canceled with Star Trek. He played "The Great Paris." No other name was ever given for the character, and it's not even clear whether Paris is part of his real name.

Ironically, Landau had been Paramount's original choice to play Spock, but series creator Gene Roddenberry really wanted Nimoy, who had been a "character actor" to that point. In hindsight, Hand did seem to be a character with his emotions well under control, like Spock, and Nimoy seemed to play Paris the same way. While Paris didn't have the same personal connection to Phelps that Spock had with Captain Kirk, he was every bit as competent as Spock -- and Hand. After publishing an autobiography titled I Am Not Spock, Nimoy joked that he might have to write a sequel, titled I Am Not Paris, Either.

Bain was not officially replaced at first: There had to be a woman in the cast, but in Season 4, it was a series of guest stars, and only one was used twice: Lee Meriwether as Tracey (no last name mentioned). In Season 5, the show brought in Lesley Ann Warren as Dana Lambert, an actress like Cinnamon Carter.

In Seasons 6 and 7, Lynda Day George replaced her, as Lisa Casey, whose career as a cosmetologist made her a mistress of disguise, making her, effectively, a replacement for Bain, Warren, Landau and Nimoy, who had left after Season 5. George had to step aside during Season 7, due to her pregnancy, but she must have liked the role, since she named her daughter Casey. Her place was taken by Barbara Anderson, formerly of Ironside (and Lenore Karidian on Star Trek), as Mimi Davis.

In Season 5, Sam Elliott came in to play Dr. Douglas Robert, a replacement for Willy. Most episodes that season had Lupus or Elliott, but not both, as the producers wanted to phase Willy out. But fans erupted in anger, deluging the network with angry mail, and so Lupus was kept.

Another change for Season 5, 1970-71, was the switch to more domestic missions, since taking all those people and all that equipment to foreign countries was expensive. It also helped eliminate some of the Cold War subtext, as missions tended to go after organized crime -- or, as Knight Rider would later put it, "a crusade to champion the cause of the innocent, the helpless, the powerless, in a world of criminals who operate above the law," making the IMF less a CIA-type agency, and more like the FBI.

In 1973, after 7 seasons, the show was canceled -- not by CBS, but by the show's studio, Paramount Pictures, because it could make more money syndicating the reruns, as it was doing with Star Trek, and would later also do with The Odd Couple.

In 1983, NBC premiered The A-Team, starring George Peppard and Laurence Tureaud, a.k.a. Mr. T. Like "Mission: Impossible," the A-Team was a group of people, each with a particular skill, pulling off the most difficult of jobs. Unlike the IMF, they were not only not sanctioned by the federal government, they were fugitives from it, as they were all prisoners who escaped from a U.S. Army stockade near the end of the Vietnam War.

Like the later CBS series(es) The Equalizer, they were the group that private citizens could turn to when no one else could help -- as the show's opening said, "If you can find them." That was another difference between the A-Team and the IMF: The A-Team was willing to help the public, while the IMF remained secret. The A-Team was an M:I tailored for the Reagan Years: Short on logic, long on noise, explosions and braggadocio. It ran for 4 seasons.

In 1988, inspired by the success of Star Trek: The Next Generation, ABC brought Mission: Impossible back, with Graves as the only returning regular. But his new team did include Phil Morris, Greg's son, as Grant Collier, Barney's son. And Bob Johnson returned as the voice giving the team their assignments, this time on a disc (which, of course, self-destructed 5 seconds after the end). Greg Morris returned for a few episodes as Barney, and Lynda Day George came back for 1 episode as Lisa Casey, but none of the other regulars did, or were even mentioned.

The premise was that, after his protégé and successor as leader of the IMF was killed, Phelps was called out of retirement, and asked to form a new IMF team and track down the assassin. In addition, his new team had Grant Collier; Nicholas Black (Thaao Penglis), a disguise expert and actor, the Hand/Paris equivalent; Max Harte (Antony Hamilton), a strongman, the Armitage equivalent; and Casey Randall (Terry Markwell), a model-turned-agent, the Carter/Tracey/Lisa Casey equivalent.

The continuation series lasted 2 seasons, but kept getting moved around ABC's schedule, so it never got any footing with viewers. But it had one interesting distinction: Randall was captured and killed during the course of a mission. The episode ends with a shot of her dossier, and a red graphic falls over it, reading, "DISAVOWED." She was replaced by Shannon Reed (Jane Badler), a former Secret Service Agent.

The series filmed in Australia due to tax breaks, which explained the casting of Australian actors Penglis, Hamilton and Badler.

In 1996, Tom Cruise began making a series of Mission: Impossible movies. These films are despised by fans of the original series, since the 1st of them depicted Jim Phelps (played there by Jon Voight) as a traitor to America. Cruise has now made 6 of these films, with 2 more set to be released in 2023 and 2024, respectively.

The 1st of these films was the last movie ever seen by Greg Morris, who died of cancer not long thereafter. He walked out early, telling the press, "It's an abomination."

Bruce Geller, the original series' creator, died in a plane crash in 1978, only 47 years old. Antony Hamilton died of AIDS in 1995. Greg Morris died in 1996, Peter Graves in 2010, Leonard Nimoy in 2015, Steven Hill in 2016, Martin Landau in 2017. As of September 17, 2022, Barbara Bain, Peter Lupus, Sam Elliott, Lee Meriwether, Lesley Ann Warren, Lynda Day George, Barbara Anderson, and theme composer Lalo Schifrin are still alive. (UPDATE: Schifrin died in 2025.)

Because Graves and James Arness, who played Marshal Matt Dillon on Gunsmoke, were brothers, I'd like to believe that Phelps is Dillon's great-grandson. It would make sense, since Dillon and Phelps were both government agents. But that relationship is just my theory, and not canon. Although, since both series were on CBS, theoretically, it could have been mentioned, and a "flashback" episode could have shown Arness with a post-Civil War version of the IMF. Or maybe Barney could have built a time machine...

*

September 17, 1966 was a Saturday. Paula Jones was born. She was a figure in the pursuit of scandals to try to bring down President Bill Clinton in the 1990s. Talk about an impossible mission.

These baseball games were played:

* The New York Yankees lost to the Minnesota Twins, 4-2 at Yankee Stadium. Al Downing was cruising until the 6th, when he melted down and allowed 4 runs. Clete Boyer hit a home run, but Jim Kaat otherwise handcuffed the Yankees, doomed to their only last-place finish between 1912 and 1990. Mickey Mantle only appeared as a pinch-hitter, and reached on an error.

* The New York Mets lost to the San Francisco Giants, 6-4 at Candlestick Park in San Francisco. Willie McCovey won it with a home run in the bottom of the 10th inning, making Frank Linzy a winning pitcher after Juan Marichal had pitched 9 innings. Willie Mays went 1-for-5.

* The Boston Red Sox beat the California Angels, 3-1 at Fenway Park in Boston. Carl Yastrzemski hit a home run.

* The Chicago White Sox beat the Baltimore Orioles, 3-1 at Memorial Stadium in Baltimore. Frank Robinson hit a home run off Tommy John. Five days later, the Orioles clinched their 1st American League Pennant, the 1st major league Pennant by a Baltimore team in 70 years.

* The Atlanta Braves beat the Cincinnati Reds, 3-1 at Atlanta Stadium (later Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium). Felipe Alou hit a home run. Hank Aaron went 0-for-3, but did draw a walk. Joe Torre went 1-for-4 with an RBI. Pete Rose went 2-for-4.

* The Cleveland Indians beat the Detroit Tigers, 6-2 at Tiger Stadium in Detroit. Al Kaline went 0-for-4.

* The St. Louis Cardinals beat their arch-rivals, the Chicago Cubs, 6-5 at Wrigley Field in Chicago. Lou Brock went 0-for-4. Ernie Banks went 3-for-4 with an RBI.

* The Houston Astros beat the Philadelphia Phillies, 11-2 at the Astrodome in Houston.

* The Pittsburgh Pirates beat the Los Angeles Dodgers, 9-5 at Dodger Stadium in Los Angeles. Willie Stargell and Donn Clendenon hit home runs for the Buccos. Roberto Clemente went 0-for-3, but did draw 2 walks.

* And the Kansas City Athletics and the Washington Senators were rained out at District of Columbia Stadium (now Robert F. Kennedy Stadium) in Washington. The game was never made up.

There was also college football played that day. This was the opening week of the season for most teams. Notre Dame, which ended up the National Champion, was not among them: They debuted the next week. So did Alabama, the preseason Number 1. So did New Jersey's teams, Rutgers and Princeton, against each other: Princeton won. Among the games played on this day:

* Number 2 Michigan State beat North Carolina State, 28-10 at Spartan Stadium in East Lansing, Michigan.

* Number 3 Nebraska beat Texas Christian (TCU), 14-10 at Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska.

* Number 4 UCLA beat Pittsburgh, 57-14 at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum.

* Number 5 Arkansas beat Oklahoma State, 14-10 at War Memorial Stadium in Little Rock.

* Number 8 Purdue beat Ohio University (not Ohio State), 42-3 at Ross-Ade Stadium in West Lafayette, Indiana.

* Number 9 USC beat surprisingly unranked Texas, 10-6 at Memorial Stadium in Austin, Texas.

* Army beat Kansas State, 21-6 at Michie Stadium in West Point, New York.

* Navy beat Boston College, 27-7 at Navy-Marine Corps Memorial Stadium in Annapolis, Maryland.

* Penn State, in its 1st game with Joe Paterno as head coach, beat Maryland, 15-7 at Beaver Stadium in State College, Pennsylvania.

Also, in English soccer, Arsenal and Blackpool played to a 1-1 draw at Highbury in North London.

July 2, 1980: "Airplane!" Premieres

Left to right: Julie Hagerty, Leslie Nielsen,

Lorna Patterson and Robert Hays

July 2, 1980: Airplane! premieres. It may be the funniest movie ever made.

Jerry Zucker, Jim Abrahams, and David Zucker (collectively known as Zucker, Abrahams and Zucker, or ZAZ) wrote Airplane! while they were performing with the Kentucky Fried Theatre, a theatre group they founded in 1971. To obtain material for comedy routines, they routinely recorded late-night television, and reviewed the tapes later primarily to pull the commercials, a process Abrahams compared to "seining for fish."

During one such taping process, they unintentionally recorded the 1957 film Zero Hour!, and, while scanning the commercials, found it to be a "perfectly classically structured film" according to Jerry Zucker. Abrahams later described Zero Hour! as "the serious version of Airplane!"

It was the first film script they wrote, completed around 1975, and was originally called The Late Show. The script originally stayed close to the dialog and plot of Zero Hour!, as ZAZ thought they did not have a sufficient understanding of film at the time to structure a proper script. ZAZ's script borrowed so much from Zero Hour! that they believed they needed to negotiate the rights to create the remake of the film and ensure they remain within the allowance for parody within copyright law.

They were able to obtain the rights from Warner Bros. and Paramount for about $2,500 at the time. The original script contained spoofs of television commercials, but people who proofread it advised them to shorten the commercials, and they eventually removed them. When their script was finished, they were unable to sell it.

While failing to sell their script, the trio met director John Landis, who encouraged them to write a film based on their theatre sketches. They managed to put The Kentucky Fried Movie into production in the late 1970s, and released it in 1977. David Zucker said, "It was the first time we had ever been on a movie set. We learned a lot. We learned that if you really wanted a movie to come out the way you wanted it to, you had to direct. So, on the next movie, Airplane!, we insisted on directing."

Eventually the Airplane! script found its way to Paramount through Michael Eisner. Eisner learned of the script via Susan Baerwald, another scriptwriter with United Artists, and had Jeffrey Katzenberg track down and meet with ZAZ to discuss details. Avco Embassy Pictures also expressed interest in producing the film, but ZAZ decided to go with Paramount. Paramount insisted the film be shot in color rather than black-and-white as ZAZ wanted, and to be set aboard a jet airliner rather than a propeller plane, to better identify with modern filmgoers.

In exchange, Paramount acquiesced to ZAZ's desire to cast serious actors for the film rather than comedy performers. Jerry Zucker stood beside the camera during shooting, while David Zucker and Abrahams watched the video feed to see how the film would look; they conferred after each take.

David Zucker explained that "the trick was to cast actors like Robert Stack, Leslie Nielsen, Peter Graves, and Lloyd Bridges. These were people who, up to that time, had never done comedy. We thought they were much funnier than the comedians of that time were." He felt Stack was the most important actor to be cast, since he was the "linchpin" of the film's plot.

Stack initially played his role in a way that was different from what the directors had in mind. They showed him a tape of impressionist John Byner impersonating Robert Stack. According to the producers, Stack was "doing an impression of John Byner doing an impression of Stack." Stack was not initially interested in the part, but ZAZ persuaded him. Bridges' children, including his sons Jeff and Beau, by then actors themselves, advised him to take the part.

For the role of Dr. Rumack, ZAZ initially suggested Dom DeLuise, Christopher Lee, and Jack Webb, all of whom turned it down, before they considered Nielsen, who was "just a fish in water" in his role, according to Jerry Zucker. Nielsen's career to this point had consisted mostly of serious leading roles, but he wanted to work in comedy, and was looking for a film to help in the transition. He was considered a "closet comedian" on set, pranking his fellow actors between shots, but immediately adopted his somber, serious persona when performing as Rumack. Lee would later acknowledge that turning down the role, to star in the 1979 film 1941 with John Belushi, was a huge mistake.

It's one of the most quotable movies of all time:

* Roger Murdock (co-pilot, played by Kareem Abdul-Jabbar): We have clearance, Clarence.

Captain Clarence Oveur (Graves): Roger, Roger. What's our vector, Victor?

Tower voice: Tower's radio clearance, over!

Oveur: That's Clarence Oveur. Over.

* Rumack (Nielsen): You'd better tell the Captain we've got to land as soon as we can. This woman has to be gotten to a hospital.

Elaine Dickinson (a stewardess, played by Lorna Patterson): A hospital? What is it?

Rumack: It's a big building with patients, but that's not important right now.

* Rumack: Captain, how soon can you land?

Captain Oveur (Graves): I can't tell.

Rumack: You can tell me. I'm a doctor.

* Rumack: Can you fly this plane, and land it?

Ted Striker (Robert Hays): Surely, you can't be serious.

Rumack: I am serious, and don't call me Shirley.

Ted: I flew single-engine fighters in the Air Force, but this plane has four engines. It's an entirely different kind of flying, altogether.

Rumack and Randy, at the same time: It's an entirely different kind of flying.

* Steve McCroskey (Bridges, handing Johnny a sheet of paper with information on it): Johnny, what can you make out of this?

Johnny (Steven Stucker): This? Why, I can make a hat, or a brooch, or a pterodactyl.

* In the original movie, the flight director said, "Looks like I picked the wrong week to quit smoking." As McCroskey, Bridges repeated this. Later in the movie, it was "Looks like I picked the wrong week to quit drinking," and he drank out of a flask. Later still, he popped a pill, and said, "Looks like I picked the wrong week to quit amphetamines." Finally, as the plane was coming in, he said, "Looks like I picked the wrong week to quit sniffing glue!" And it's this that finally gets to him, and sends him crashing through the window, literally over the edge.

Not all of the movie holds up. Some of the jokes are period-specific. The war flashbacks are to World War II, when they should be to Vietnam. And there's racial references and a scene of a woman getting slapped that would not be allowed today.

A sequel was released in 1982, titles Airplane II: The Sequel. This involved a bomb on a flight to the Moon, and had William Shatner replacing Robert Stack as the flight controller.

UPDATE: Jim Abrahams died in 2024. Both Zucker brothers were still alive at the time.

*

July 2, 1980 was a Wednesday. These Major League Baseball games were played that day:

* The New York Yankees beat the Boston Red Sox, 8-0 at Fenway Park. Rudy May pitched a 6-hit shutout. Graig Nettles hit a home run. Reggie Jackson went 1-for-3 with a walk and an RBI. Apparently, the Red Sox were for loading and unloading only. Carl Yastrzemski did not play.

* The New York Mets beat the Chicago Cubs, 3-1 at Shea Stadium, close enough to La Guardia Airport for the sound of planes taking off and landing to be an issue.

* The Montreal Expos beat the Philadelphia Phillies, 6-1 at the Olympic Stadium in Montreal. Steve Rogers outpitched Steve Carlton. Mike Schmidt went 0-for-3 with a walk. Pete Rose went 2-for-4.

* The Atlanta Braves beat the Houston Astros, 14-0 at Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium. Phil Niekro knuckleballed his way to a 5-hit shutout. The Braves scored 7 runs in the 3rd inning. The Astros must have had fish for dinner.

* The Baltimore Orioles beat the Toronto Blue Jays, 6-2 at Exhibition Stadium in Toronto. Eddie Murray went 0-for-4, but drew a walk.

* The St. Louis Cardinals beat the Pittsburgh Pirates, 7-5 at Three Rivers Stadium in Pittsburgh. A single by Ken Oberkfell and a double by Tony Scott gave the Cards the winning runs in the top of the 11th. Willie Stargell only appeared as a pinch-hitter, and drew a walk.

* The Detroit Tigers beat the Cleveland Indians, 7-6 at Tiger Stadium in Detroit.

* The Chicago White Sox beat the California Angels, 1-0 at Comiskey Park in Chicago. Ross Baumgarten pitched a 1-hit shutout, allowing only a walk to Tom Donohue in the 6th inning and a single to Rod Carew in the 7th. Looks like the Angels picked the wrong week to quit hitting.

* The Oakland Athletics beat Milwaukee Brewers, 5-3 at Milwaukee County Stadium. The A's got RBI singles from Jeff Newman and Wayne Gross in the top of the 10th inning. Rickey Henderson did not play. Nor did Paul Molitor. Robin Yount went 1-for-5. 

* The Kansas City Royals beat the Minnesota Twins, 4-3 at Royals Stadium (now Kauffman Stadium) in Kansas City. John Wathan singled Rusty Torres home with the winning run in the bottom of the 10th inning. George Brett did not play.

* The Los Angeles Dodgers beat the San Diego Padres, 10-7 at Dodger Stadium in Los Angeles.

* The Cincinnati Reds beat the San Francisco Giants, 6-2 at Candlestick Park in San Francisco. Johnny Bench did not play.

* And the Texas Rangers beat the Seattle Mariners, 6-3 at the Kingdome in Seattle.