Showing posts with label carl sagan. Show all posts
Showing posts with label carl sagan. Show all posts

Thursday, November 3, 2022

November 3, 1969: PBS Begins Broadcasting

November 3, 1969: The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) begins operation, replacing National Educational Television (NET). A week later, on November 10, it began broadcasting Sesame Street. From NET, it inherited Mr. Rogers' Neighborhood. It later developed the kids' shows The Electric Company, Zoom! and 3-2-1 Contact.

For grownups, it inherited The French Chef with Julia Child, and would develop Masterpiece Theatre with Alistair Cooke, Mystery! with Vincent Price, Great Performances (nearly always featuring classical music) with several hosts, The Joy of Painting with Bob Ross, Nova with several hosts, Cosmos with Carl Sagan, Scientific American Frontiers with Alan Alda, and The American Experience with David McCullough. (Some of these shows would be hosted by others as their predecessors aged or died.)

PBS member stations include the following:

* WGBH-Channel 2, Boston.

* WNET-Channel 13, Newark, New Jersey, serving New York City.

* WHYY-Channel 12, Wilmington, Delaware, serving Philadelphia.

* WMPB-Channel 67, Baltimore.

* WETA-Channel 26, Washington, D.C.

* WUNC-Channel 4, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, serving Raleigh and Durham.

* WTVI-Channel 42, Charlotte.

* WGTV-Channel 8, Athens, Georgia, serving Atlanta.

* WJCT-Channel 7, Jacksonville.

* WUCF-Channel 24, Orlando.

* WEDU-Channel 3, Tampa.

* WPBT-Channel 2, Miami.

* WNPT-Channel 8, Nashville.

* WKNO-Channel 10, Memphis.

* WYES-Channel 12, New Orleans.

* KETA-Channel 13, Oklahoma City.

* KERA-Channel 13, Fort Worth, Texas, serving Dallas.

* KUHT-Channel 8, Houston.

* KLRU-Channel 18, Austin.

* KLRN-Channel 9, San Antonio.

* WNED-Channel 17, Buffalo.

* WQED-Channel 13, Pittsburgh.

* WVIZ-Channel 25, Cleveland.

* WOSU-Channel 34, Columbus.

* WCET-Channel 48, Cincinnati.

* WTVS-Channel 56, Detroit.

* WFYI-Channel 20, Indianapolis.

* WTTW-Channel 11, Chicago.

* WMVS-Channel 10, Milwaukee.

* KTCA-Channel 2, St. Paul, serving Minneapolis.

* KETC-Channel 9, St. Louis.

* KCPT-Channel 19, Kansas City.

* KRMA-Channel 6, Denver.

* KUED-Channel 7, Salt Lake City.

* KAET-Channel 8, Phoenix.

* KLVX-Channel 10, Las Vegas.

* KPBS-Channel 15, San Diego.

* KCET-Channel 28, Los Angeles.

* KQED-Channel 9, San Francisco.

* KVIE-Channel 8, Sacramento.

* KOPB-Channel 10, Portland, Oregon.

* KTCS-Channel 9, Seattle.

So when, in his 1982 hit "Pressure," Billy Joel sang, "All your life is Channel 13, Sesame Street, what does it mean?" he was referring specifically to the affiliate representing his hometown of New York, WNET. But because that station is the best-known PBS station, the phrase "Channel 13" has come to stand in for PBS in general, even in the vast majority of American cities where it's on a different channel.

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November 3, 1969 was a Monday. This was also the night of President Richard Nixon's "Silent Majority" speech, and I have an entry for that as well.

The baseball season was over. There was no football: The NFL and ABC began partnering for Monday Night Football the following season. And while the NHL season had begun, no games where scheduled for that day.

Only 1 game was scheduled in the NBA: The New York Knicks beat the Milwaukee Bucks, 109-93 at the Milwaukee Arena. In 1974, it was renamed the Milwaukee Exposition, Convention Center and Arena, or "The MECCA." Since 2014, it has been named the UW-Panther Arena. Willis Reed scored 35 points, Bill Bradley 19, Dave DeBusschere 18, Dick Barnett 14, and Walt Frazier and Cazzie Russell each scored 10. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, then a rookie and still using his birth name of Lew Alcindor, scored 17 for the Bucks.

There was 1 game in the American Basketball Association: The New Orleans Buccaneers beat the Washington Capitols, 125-115 at the New Orleans Municipal Auditorium. Neither team survived to be admitted to the NBA.

Wednesday, September 28, 2022

September 28, 1980: "Cosmos" Premieres

September 28, 1980: Cosmos premieres on PBS, a limited series hosted by astronomer Carl Sagan. Like fellow PBS stars Fred Rogers, Julia Child and Louis Rukeyser, and later Bob Ross and Bob Vila, Sagan explained difficult things in a way that the average viewer could understand, without treating them like a child (or, in Mr. Rogers' case, he was talking to children, but treated them as though their feelings mattered.)
Sagan began the series by holding up a dandelion seed, and letting it fly away into the wind off an unidentified coast. This became his "Ship of the Imagination," which he used to travel through the stars. 
There were 13 parts, airing on succeeding Sundays, with titles like "The Shores of the Cosmic Ocean" (the 1st episode), "One Voice in the Cosmic Fugue," "Blues for a Red Planet" (an episode devoted to the planet Mars and how Earthlings have perceived it), and "Who Speaks for Earth?" (the finale).
The series inspired impersonators, who latched onto Sagan's expression, "Picture if you will... " and his use of the word "billions," with the heavy emphasis on the B.
The show would be updated in 2014, by Neil deGrasse Tyson, a former student of Sagan's at Cornell University. But it aired on Fox, which meant commercials. It seemed like every time Tyson said, "Come with me," Fox would break for commercial.
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September 28, 1980 was a Sunday. These Major League Baseball games were played:
* The New York Yankees lost to the Detroit Tigers, 6-5 at Tiger Stadium in Detroit. The winning run scored in the bottom of the 10th inning, on an error by Bob Watson. Reggie Jackson entered the game as a pinch-hitter, and went 1-for-2. Bobby Brown hit a home run.
* The New York Mets beat the St. Louis Cardinals, 8-0 at Shea Stadium. Mike Scott pitched an 8-hit shutout, and Joel Youngblood hit a home run.
* The Montreal Expos beat the Philadelphia Phillies, 8-3 at Veterans Stadium in Philadelphia. Mike Schmidt went 1-for-3 with an RBI. Pete Rose went 0-for-3 with a walk. These teams would meet again in Montreal the next weekend, with whoever winning 2 out of 3 winning the National League East title. The Phillies did, and went on to win their 1st World Series.
* The Boston Red Sox beat the Toronto Blue Jays, 7-3 at Exhibition Stadium in Toronto. Carl Yastrzemski did not play.
* The Baltimore Orioles beat the Cleveland Indians, 5-3 at Cleveland Municipal Stadium. Jim Palmer was the winning pitcher. Ken Singleton and Doug DeCinces hit home runs, but Eddie Murray went 0-for-4.
* The Chicago Cubs beat the Pittsburgh Pirates, 3-2 at Wrigley Field in Chicago. Willie Stargell did not play.
* The Minnesota Twins beat the Kansas City Royals, 8-7 at Metropolitan Stadium in the Minneapolis suburb of Bloomington, Minnesota. George Brett hit a pinch-hit grand slam, raising his batting average to .385. He had been above .400 earlier in the month, and finished at .390, the highest in a full season since Ted Williams batted .406 in 1941. The Royals faced the Yankees in the American League Championship Series for the 4th time in 5 years, and finally got their 1st win.
* The Cincinnati Reds beat the Houston Astros, 8-5 at the Astrodome in Houston. Johnny Bench did not play.
* The San Diego Padres beat their arch-rivals, the Los Angeles Dodgers, 7-5 at Jack Murphy Stadium in San Diego.
* The Chicago White Sox beat the California Angels, 8-1 at Anaheim Stadium (now Angel Stadium of Anaheim). Rod Carew went 2-for-4.
* The Oakland Athletics beat the Milwaukee Brewers, 3-2 at the Oakland Coliseum. Rickey Henderson went 0-for-4. Robin Yount and Paul Molitor each went 1-for-4.
* The Texas Rangers beat the Seattle Mariners, 4-1 at the Kingdome in Seattle.
* And the Atlanta Braves and the San Francisco Giants were rained out at Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium. The game was never made up.
In the NFL:
* The New York Giants lost to the Los Angeles Rams, 28-7 at Giants Stadium in the Meadowlands.
* The New York Jets lost to the Baltimore Colts, 35-21 at Memorial Stadium in Baltimore.
* The Seattle Seahawks beat the Washington Redskins, 14-0 at Robert F. Kennedy Stadium in Washington.
* The Miami Dolphins beat the New Orleans Saints, 21-16 at the Orange Bowl in Miami.
* The Cleveland Browns beat the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, 34-27 at Tampa Stadium.
* The Buffalo Bills beat the Oakland Raiders, 24-7 at Rich Stadium (later Ralph Wilson Stadium) in the Buffalo suburb of Orchard Park, New York.
* The Pittsburgh Steelers beat the Chicago Bears, 38-3 at Three Rivers Stadium in Pittsburgh.
* The Houston Oilers beat the Cincinnati Bengals, 13-10 at Riverfront Stadium in Cincinnati.
* The Detroit Lions beat the Minnesota Vikings, 27-7 at the Silverdome in the Detroit suburb of Pontiac, Michigan.
* The Dallas Cowboys beat the Green Bay Packers, 28-7 at Milwaukee County Stadium.
* The football version of the St. Louis Cardinals beat the Philadelphia Eagles, 24-14 at Busch Memorial Stadium in St. Louis.
* The San Diego Chargers beat the Kansas city Chiefs, 24-7 at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City.
* The Atlanta Falcons beat the San Francisco 49ers, 20-17 at Candlestick Park in San Francisco.
* And on ABC Monday Night Football, the New England Patriots beat the Denver Broncos, 23-14 at Schaefer Stadium (later Sullivan Stadium and Foxboro Stadium) in the Boston suburb of Foxborough, Massachusetts.

December 31, 1999 & January 1, 2000: The Millennium

December 31, 1999:  The Millennium arrives. The people of planet Earth survived. At a terrible cost. But we hadn't destroyed ourselves. ...