May 31, 2002: The Sacramento Swindle

May 31, 2002: Game 6 of the NBA Western Conference Finals is played at the Staples Center (now the Crypto.com Arena) in Los Angeles. The Los Angeles Lakers beat the Sacramento Kings, 106-102. Shaquille O'Neal scored 41 points and had 17 rebounds. Kobe Bryant added 31 points in support.

Almost immediately, there were allegations that this game was fixed by the referees. In 2008, as part of the scandal that involved him betting on games he had officiated, fired NBA referee Tim Donaghy said that two of the referees in this game were told to fix it so the NBA and televising network NBC could make more money on a Game 7.

The officials for this game were Dick Bavetta, Ted Bernhardt and Bob Delaney. Bavetta holds the record for most NBA games officiated, with 2,635, having never missed a game from his 1975 hiring until his 2014 retirement. Early in his career, he was considered one of the worst refs in the game. He decided to do something about it, and practiced with Summer league games, such as in New York City's Rucker League. By 1986, when he was assigned to officiate a Playoff game for the first time, he had begun to be regarded as one of the best referees.

And yet, in a 2002 article for ESPN, Bill Simmons named the worst officiated games of the prior four years, alleging that the games involved either extending a series so it did not end quickly or advancing a large market team for the NBA's benefit. All seven games named had been officiated by Bavetta. It should be noted that Simmons is a Boston Celtics fan, and is usually full of... highly questionable opinions.

Bernhardt was best known for a 1996 game where he called a foul on Dennis Rodman, who then head-butted him and was suspended for it. Delaney seems an unlikely candidate for corruption: He was a New Jersey State Trooper who successfully infiltrated the Mob, and worked his way all the way from high school games to the NBA Playoffs.

In this Game 6, the awarding of fouls resulted in the Lakers shooting 40 free throws overall, a whopping 27 in the fourth quarter alone, and the Kings' big men were plagued with foul trouble: Between them, Vlade Divac, Chris Webber, Scot Pollard, and Lawrence Funderburke were called for 20 fouls, Divac and Pollard both fouling out.

Michael Wilbon of The Washington Post, already co-hosting Pardon the Interruption on ESPN with fellow Post columnist Tony Kornheiser, wrote, "I wrote down in my notebook six calls that were stunningly incorrect, all against Sacramento, all in the fourth quarter when the Lakers made five baskets and 21 foul shots to hold on to their championship." Wilbon pointed out that Kobe Bryant did not get a foul called on him after elbowing Mike Bibby in front of an official.

Two nights later, at the ARCO Arena in Sacramento, the Lakers won Game 7, 112-106 in overtime.

Also on May 31, 2002, the NBA's Eastern Conference Championship was won. The New Jersey Nets defeated the Boston Celtics, 96-88, to win Game 6 at the FleetCenter (now the TD Garden) in Boston, and win their first NBA Eastern Conference Championship. After 26 years of trying, they were in their first NBA Finals. They did this despite none of their players scoring more than Kenyon Martin’s 16 points, and former Net Kenny Anderson scoring 18 for Boston.

What guard Jason Kidd did with this team in 1 season, taking them from one of the worst teams in the league to a Finalist, is one of the greatest achievements any NBA player has ever had.

Given the Nets' history to this point -- they had won just 1 Playoff series between 1977 and 2001 -- this should have been the most remarkable NBA story of the night. But it wasn't, because of the perceived Sacramento Swindle.

Was the Lakers-Kings Game 6 fixed? Did NBA Commissioner David Stern, and NBC Sports President Dick Ebersol, want the Lakers in the Finals rather than the Kings? It would be easy to say, "You do the math": There are 13 million people in the Los Angeles metropolitan area, and only 2.5 million in Sacramento's.

But that theory doesn't hold up for the East: There are 13.2 million in New England, and, while the Nets are part of the New York Tri-State Area, the New York Knicks have always held the vast majority of those fans. So if it was fixed for the Lakers, why not for the Celtics?

The Kings, previously the Rochester Seagrams (1923-43), the Rochester Pros (1943-45), the Rochester Royals (1945-57), the Cincinnati Royals (1957-72) and the Kansas City Kings (1972-85), still have not been to the NBA Finals since 1951. From 2002 to 2021, the Lakers made it 6 more times.

When the NBA named its 50th Anniversary Team in 1996, the only man named to it to have played for the Kings, either in Kansas City or Sacramento, was Kansas City star Nate "Tiny" Archibald, although Cincinnati players Oscar Robertson and Jerry Lucas were named. Shaquille O'Neal, then in his 1st season with the Lakers after 4 years with the Orlando Magic, was a controversial selection.

When the NBA named its 75th Anniversary Team in 2021, there was no controversy around Shaq being named, or with Phil Jackson again being named one of the top coaches, as he was in 1996 as well, when he was still running the Chicago Bulls. Kobe Bryant was added: His crime in Colorado had already been chosen to be forgotten before his death. And no player on the Kings franchise, not even Hall-of-Famer Chris Webber, was added.

*

May 31, 2002 was a Friday. Football was out of season. In the Stanley Cup Playoffs, the Detroit Red Wings pretty much settled their "rivalry" with the Colorado Avalanche by winning Game 7 of the Western Conference Finals, 7-0 at Joe Louis Arena in Detroit.

And these Major League Baseball games were played:

* The New York Yankees lost to the Boston Red Sox, 5-2 at Yankee Stadium. Derek Lowe outpitched David Wells. Jorge Posada had 2 hits, including driving in both Yankee runs with a home run, but the rest of the team only had 4 hits.

* The New York Mets beat the Florida Marlins, 6-5 at Pro Player Stadium (now Hard Rock Stadium) in Miami Gardens, Florida. Rey Ordóñez, not known for his power, hit a home run in the top of the 10th inning.

* The Montreal Expos beat the Philadelphia Phillies, 8-7 at Veterans Stadium in Philadelphia.

* The Baltimore Orioles beat the Seattle Mariners, 8-7 at Camden Yards in Baltimore. Gerónimo Gil hit a sacrifice fly to score Brian Roberts with the winning run in the bottom of the 10th inning.

* The Oakland Athletics beat the Tampa Bay Devil Rays, 13-9 at Tropicana Field in St. Petersburg, Florida.

* The Cleveland Indians beat the Chicago White Sox, 7-0 at Jacobs Field (now Progressive Field) in Cleveland. Bartolo Colón allowed 8 hits, but kept the shutout.

* The Atlanta Braves beat the Cincinnati Reds, 7-0 at Cinergy Field (formerly Riverfront Stadium) in Cincinnati. How many Braves pitchers does it take to pitch a 4-hit shutout? Apparently, 4: Greg Maddux, 2 hits over 5 innings; Kevin Gryboski, none over an inning and 2/3rds; Kerry Lightenberg, 2 over an inning and 1/3rd; and Chris Hammond, striking out the side in a perfect 9th.

* The Toronto Blue Jays beat the Detroit Tigers, 4-2 at Comerica Park in Detroit.

* The Houston Astros beat the Chicago Cubs, 4-1 at Wrigley Field in Chicago.

* The Anaheim Angels beat the Minnesota Twins, 11-3 at the Metrodome in Minneapolis.

* The Pittsburgh Pirates beat the St. Louis Cardinals, 3-1 at Busch Memorial Stadium in St. Louis.

* The Kansas City Royals beat the Texas Rangers, 10-7 at The Ballpark (now Choctaw Stadium) in the Dallas suburb of Arlington, Texas. The Royals got 3 straight home runs in the top of the 11th inning, from Carlos Beltrán, Mike Sweeney and Joe Randa.

* The Milwaukee Brewers beat the San Diego Padres, 12-1 at Qualcomm Stadium (formerly San Diego Stadium and Jack Murphy Stadium).

* The Arizona Diamondbacks beat the Los Angeles Dodgers, 6-3 at Dodger Stadium in Los Angeles.

* And the Colorado Rockies beat the San Francisco Giants, 6-2 at Pacific Bell Park (now Oracle Park) in San Francisco.

March 6, 1957: The End of the Rochester Royals

The 1956-57 Rochester Royals

March 6, 1957: The Rochester Royals beat the Philadelphia Warriors, 82-79 at the Rochester Community War Memorial Arena. This is their last home game of the season, and they did not qualify for the Playoffs. Therefore, this is the last game they will play in Rochester: They play 3 more games on the road, and move to Cincinnati the next season.

Edgerton Park Arena

The franchise is the oldest continuously operating team in professional basketball. They began play in 1923, as the Rochester Seagrams. In 1944, they joined the Midwest-based National Basketball League (NBL), changed their name to the Rochester Royals (based on Seagram's crown logo) in 1945, and won the NBL Championship in 1946. In 1948, it joined the East-based Basketball Association of America. In 1949, the BAA and the NBA merged to form the National Basketball Association. In 1951, the Royals won the NBA Championship. In 1955, they moved from the Edgerton Park Arena to the War Memorial.

The Rochester War Memorial, now the Blue Cross Arena

But Rochester proved too small a "market" for a major league sports team. In 1957, the team became the Cincinnati Royals. Their best performance in Cincinnati was a pair of trips to the Eastern Division Finals in 1963 and 1964. Cincy is a bigger market than Rochester, but it was still one of the smallest in the NBA. In 1972, they moved again, to Kansas City. Since that city already had a baseball team named the Royals, they became the Kansas City Kings. K.C. also isn't a big market, and they moved again, in 1985, to another not-so-big market, becoming the Sacramento Kings.

Only once in K.C., and once in Sacramento, have they been to the Western Conference Finals. So that 1951 title, for which they do hang a banner, remains their only trip to the NBA Finals.

From the Royals/Kings' Rochester period, guards Bobby Wanzer and Bob Davies, forwards Maurice Stokes and Jack Twyman, center Arnie Risen, and coach team owner Les Harrison are in the Basketball Hall of Fame. Hall of Fame Knicks coach Red Holzman was also a superb player for the Royals. The Kings have retired Davies' Number 11, Stokes' 12 and Twyman's 27.

Today, Rochester -- the city of Port Charles on the ABC soap opera General Hospital is based on it -- is a city of 210,000 people, making it the 3rd-largest in New York State, after New York City and Buffalo. Its metropolitan area has a little over 1 million. The War Memorial still stands, under the name of the Blue Cross Arena at the War Memorial. It seats 10,662. Despite having one of the best-known minor-league hockey teams, the Rochester Americans, still playing at the Blue Cross Arena, the city remains too small to support a major league team.

*

March 6, 1957 was a Wednesday. There was 1 other game played in the NBA that night, and it was by the team that would no longer be the Royals' geographic rivals. The New York Knicks beat the Syracuse Nationals, 100-93 at the Onondaga County War Memorial Arena (now named the Upstate Medical University Arena) in Syracuse, New York.

Baseball was in Spring Training. Football was out of season. One game was played in the NHL: The Toronto Maple Leafs beat the Montreal Canadiens, 3-1 at Maple Leaf Gardens in Toronto.

January 6, 1951: The NBA's Longest Game

Ralph Beard. No, he didn't have one.

January 6, 1951: The longest game in National Basketball Association history is played. You might not recognize the name of either team, though. And the building in which it was played is long gone.

The building was the Edgerton Park Arena, in Edgerton Park, in Rochester, New York. It was built in 1892, had an artificial ice surface installed in 1935, and was home to the Rochester Royals from 1945 to 1955. But, at 4,200 seats, it was too small to be a major league sports facility, and the Royals moved to the Community War Memorial Arena.

The Royals had won the Championship of the National Basketball League in 1946, before joining the Basketball Association of America. The BAA and the NBL merged in 1949, to form the NBA, although the NBA now recognizes the BAA's founding in 1946 as its own founding. Their players included former Seton Hall University All-American Bob Davies and a flashy (for the time) point guard from Brooklyn named William "Red" Holzman.

Their opponents were the Indianapolis Olympians. They were so named because they signed up several members of the U.S. team that won the Gold Medal at the 1948 Olympics in London. Three of those were still there, men who had led the University of Kentucky to National Championships in 1948 and 1949: Alex Groza (brother of Cleveland Browns lineman and kicker Lou Groza), Ralph Beard and Cliff Barker.

The Royals came into the game a strong 18-11. The Olympians were shuffling along at 16-15. Apparently, those Kentucky Wildcats weren't used to professional competition. But, at least on this night, they adjusted: At the end of the 1st quarter, the Olympians led, 20-10.

The Royals came back, and it was 38-33 Indianapolis at the half. After 3 quarters, it was 57-53 Indianapolis. A strong 4th quarter resulted in the game being tied at the end of regulation, 65-65.

Unlike the NFL and the NHL, the NBA, then as now, had no provision for ties: Teams have always played until somebody won. But this was the era before the shot clock: In overtime, the idea was to get the ball, and stall until you could make a last-second shot; and, if you lost the ball, foul away.

Each team scored only 2 free throws in overtime, so it went to a 2nd overtime. Nobody scored in it, so the game went on. And on. And on. Each team scored only 2 free throws in the 3rd overtime. Nobody scored in the 4th. Each team scored 4 free throws in the 5th overtime. 

And so, for what remains the only time in professional basketball history -- neither the old ABL, nor the 1967-76 American Basketball Association, nor any women's league including the WNBA has had one go that long -- a 6th overtime was needed.

Finally, with 1 second left in that 6th OT, Beard put up a shot, and it went in. The Olympians had won, 75-73.

The game went 78 minutes, and Holzman, who later coached the Knicks to the 1970 and 1973 NBA Championships, played 76 of them. Harvey Frommer, better known as a travel writer but also the author of a few sports books, wrote Holzman's authorized biography, and quoted him as saying that this was 1 of 2 games in the 1950-51 season that led to the creation of the shot clock. The other was a game in which the Fort Wayne Pistons tried to freeze the ball against George Mikan and the Minneapolis Lakers.

The following season, Groza and Beard were charged with shaving points at Kentucky, and were banned from the NBA for life. Both men went on to work in the ABA, but their NBA bans were never lifted. Nor have they ever been elected to the Basketball Hall of Fame, as they likely would have if not for the scandal. The Olympians survived until the 1953 season, but, without their big stars, they couldn't draw fans, and folded.

The Royals went on to win the NBA Championship in 1951, beating the Knicks in the Finals in 7 games. In 1955, they moved to the Community War Memorial Arena, which still stands, now known as the Blue Cross Arena at the War Memorial, and home to minor-league hockey's Rochester Americans. 

But Rochester, the 3rd-biggest city in the State of New York behind New York City and Buffalo, was, and remains, too small to host a major league team. In 1957, the Royals moved to Cincinnati. They moved to become the Kansas City Kings in 1972, and again in 1985, becoming the Sacramento Kings.

Since 1951, the longest game in the NBA has been a 5-overtime game at the Bradley Center in Milwaukee on November 9, 1989, the day the Berlin Wall came down. The Milwaukee Bucks beat the Seattle SuperSonics, 155-154.

*

January 6, 1951 was a Saturday. Three other games were played in the NBA that day:

* The New York Knicks lost to the Syracuse Nationals, 87-85 at the old Madison Square Garden. This game only needed 1 overtime.

* The Baltimore Bullets beat the Philadelphia Warriors, 64-57 at the Baltimore Coliseum. No overtimes necessary. The Bullets folded in 1954, and the Warriors moved to San Francisco in 1962, taking the name "Golden State" in 1971. The aforementioned Syracuse Nationals took the Warriors' place in 1963, renaming themselves the Philadelphia 76ers.

* And the Fort Wayne Pistons beat the Washington Capitals, 91-76 at the Uline Arena. No overtimes necessary. The Capitols folded at the end of this season. However, their arena, later renamed the Washington Coliseum, still stands. The Pistons moved to Detroit in 1957.

There were 2 games played in the NHL that day: The New York Rangers beat the Toronto Maple Leafs, 4-2 at Maple Leaf Gardens in Toronto; and the Montreal Canadiens beat the Detroit Red Wings, 5-2 at the Montreal Forum.

And Arsenal played Carlisle United at Highbury in North London, in the 3rd round of the FA Cup, and the game ended in a 0-0 draw. That forced a replay at Carlisle, which Arsenal won, 4-1.

Also on this day, Kim Wilson, the leader singer of the rock band The Fabulous Thunderbirds, was born.