December 2, 1905: New Zealand's Rugby "All Blacks" Stun England

December 2, 1905: Great Britain, and England in particular, get a lesson they will not soon forget: Their island is not the only place where great rugby is played.

Rugby was allegedly invented at the prep school of the same name in England's Midlands in 1823. Wales began playing it in 1850, the Welsh Rugby Union was formed in 1881, and the Home Nations Championship, between Wales, England, Scotland and Ireland was first played 2 years later. (France was added in 1910, making it the Five Nations Championship. In 2000, Italy was added, making it the Six Nations Championship.)

The sport was first played in New Zealand in 1870. By 1904, New Zealand was sending its national team on tour. Because of their all-black uniforms, they became known as the All Blacks. (The soccer team eventually became known as the All Whites, and their cricket team as the Black Caps.)

The Original All Blacks, also known simply as "The Originals," were the first New Zealand team to tour outside Australasia. Managed by George Dixon, coached by Jimmy Duncan, and captained by Dave Gallaher, they toured the British Isles, France and the United States during 1905–1906.

Their opening game, on September 16, 1905, was against Devon, in England's West Country, whom they defeated 55–4. They defeated every English side that they faced, including a 16–3 victory over English county champions Durham in the North-East, and a 32–0 victory over Blackheath in South-East London.

On December 2, they played the England national team, at the Crystal Palace stadium in South-East London (not to be confused with Selhurst Park, home of the current version of Crystal Palace F.C.), and won, 15-0, stunning the entire British Empire.

Two weeks later, they played the national team of Wales, in a match that became known as the sport's Match of the Century.

*

December 2, 1905 was a Saturday. Baseball was out of season. Basketball barely existed. And hockey was mostly amateur at this point. There was 1 college football game that day: The Army-Navy Game ended in a 6-6 tie, played at Osborne Field on the campus of Princeton University in Princeton, New Jersey.

And in English soccer, Woolwich Arsenal, one day to become the North London team I would support, beat Manchester City, 2-0 at the Manor Ground in Plumstead, South-East London. 

August 15, 1903: The 1st Australia vs. New Zealand Rugby Match

A 2023 match. Australia in yellow, New Zealand in black.

August 15, 1903: For the 1st time, the national rugby union teams of Australia and New Zealand play each other, at the Sydney Cricket Ground. New Zealand dominate, 22-3.

Rugby union has a long history in Australia, with the first club being formed in 1863 at Sydney University. The sport was first played in New Zealand in 1870. As early as 1888, their players included the indigenous people of their islands, the Māori, who taught the white players the haka dance, and they've been doing this (hopefully) intimidating tactic before matches ever since.

By 1904, New Zealand was sending its national team on tour. Because of their all-black uniforms, they became known as the All Blacks. (The soccer team eventually became known as the All Whites, and their cricket team as the Black Caps.) 

In contrast to these basic colors, Australian sports teams wear green and gold. These represent the green leaves and golden blooms of the golden wattle flower, a symbol of the country's natural landscape and mineral wealth. Australia calls its rugby team the Wallabies.

Australia has been independent since 1901, New Zealand since 1907, though both remain in the British Commonwealth, with a Parliament led by a Prime Minister, but with the monarch of Great Britain as head of state, represented in-country by a Governor-General. Today, Australia is home to about 25 million people; New Zealand, 5 million.

There has never been a war between the 2 nations, mainly because they are separated by water: It is 1,340 air miles over the Tasman Sea between Sydney, Australia and Auckland, New Zealand, which is pretty much the closest points between the island nations. They have gone to war together, and, along with another nearby island nation, Tonga, celebrate the 25th of April, the anniversary of the heavy losses they all sustained in the Battle of Gallipoli in World War I in 1915, as ANZAC Day. (ANZAC: Australia and New Zealand Army Corps.)

So their rivalry is pretty much limited to sports. And, while they do play other sports, including the sport that most of the world calls "football" (though both of them tend to call it "soccer," and the Aussie team is "The Socceroos"), they prefer rugby. "Australian rules football" is also closer to rugby than to soccer. Both nations are usually strong in cricket as well.

Since 1931, the overall winner of the annual test matches -- between 1 and 3 games in any given year -- between the All Blacks and the Wallabies takes possession of the Bledisloe Cup, named after Charles Bathurst, 1st Viscount Bledisloe, Governor-General of New Zealand from 1930 to 1935, who donated the trophy.

There has been a Rugby World Cup every 4 years since 1987. Australia and New Zealand were joint hosts the 1st time. New Zealand have hosted alone in 2011, and won in 1987, 2011 and 2015. Australia have hosted alone in 2003; and won in 1991 and 1999.

In 1996, with the fall of apartheid in South Africa, the Tri-Nations Championship was founded, with New Zealand taking the 1st tournament. In 2012, Argentina were invited to make it a 4-team competition, titled simply "The Rugby Championship," in effect the title for the Southern Hemisphere.

As of August 15, 2022, New Zealand have won 120 matches, Australia 45, and there have been 8 draws.

UPDATE: As of New Zealand's 28-14 win in Perth on October 4, 2025, they lead, 128-45-8, having won the last 11. Australia's last win over New Zealand was on November 7, 2020 in Brisbane.

*

August 15, 1903 was a Saturday. In America, these games were played in baseball that day:

* The New York Highlanders lost to the Cleveland Naps, 6-5 at the 1891-1909 version of League Park in Cleveland. Willie Keeler went 2-for-4 with an RBI for the Highlanders, who officially became the New York Yankees in 1913.

The Cleveland team was named for its manager and 2nd baseman, Napoleon "Nap" Lajoie, who went 4-for-5 with 2 RBIs on this day. They became the Cleveland Indians in 1915, and the Cleveland Guardians in 2022.

* The New York Giants lost to the Cincinnati Reds, 8-3 at the 1890-1911 version of the Polo Grounds. Frank "Noodles" Hahn outpitched Joe "Iron Man" McGinnity.

* The Brooklyn Superbas swept a doubleheader from the St. Louis Cardinals, 7-0 and 4-3 at Washington Park in Brooklyn. Oscar Jones pitched a 7-hit shutout in the 1st game. The Superbas became the Dodgers in 1911.

* The Boston Americans beat the Detroit Tigers, 6-3 at Bennett Park in Detroit. The Americans became the Red Sox in 1908.

* The Washington Senators beat the St. Louis Browns, 5-1 at Sportsman's Park in St. Louis.

* The Philadelphia Athletics beat the Chicago White Sox, 5-1 at South Side Park in Chicago. Eddie Plank outpitched Patsy Flaherty.

* A doubleheader was split at the 1894-1914 version of the South End Grounds in Boston. The Pittsburgh Pirates won the opener, 5-1. The Boston Beaneaters won the nightcap, 8-5. Over the 2 games, Honus Wagner went 3-for-8 with a walk. The Beaneaters went through some name changes until 1912, when they became the Boston Braves.

* And the Philadelphia Phillies were supposed to be playing the Chicago Cubs at Baker Bowl in Philadelphia. However, a partial stadium collapse moved this weekend's games to at West Side Park in Chicago, for September 18. The Cubs won the 1st game, 6-5. The Phillies won the 2nd game, 10-0. Charles "Chick" Frasier pitched a no-hitter.

June 24, 1995: The Rugby Match That United a Nation

Nelson Mandela and Francois Pienaar

June 24, 1995: A nation in search of reconciliation finds a moment to rally around -- as its President knew it could.

During the years of apartheid in South Africa, soccer was seen as the sport of the nation's black people, while cricket and rugby were the sports of its white people. Cricket appealed to the white people of British descent, while rugby appealed to both them and the people of Dutch descent, the Afrikaners whose Afrikaans language was a derivation of Dutch.

But Nelson Mandela, elected President in the country's 1st all-races election in 1994, saw that he was going to host the Rugby World Cup the following year. He knew that sport had the power to bring people together. In some cases -- soccer in Germany in 1954 and England in 1966, hockey in Canada in 1972 and America in 1980 -- it could bring an entire country together, or even the entire world.

So he wanted South Africa's famed rugby team, the green-and-gold-clad "Springboks" (a springbok is an antelope native to southern and western Africa), to bring the country together, by becoming racially integrated for the 1st time in its history, and face the other world powers of rugby, all integrated, and beat them on home soil.

Chester Williams, a 24-year-old left wing from Cape Town, was the 1st black Springbok. In club matches, some opponents had made racist remarks about him. That was not the case when those opponents joined him on the national side: "When we were together as a team, the team-spirit was good. We partied together, we had fun together, we stuck by one another. Those other things happened while we were playing against one another in the Currie Cup, or domestic competitions. But that's in the past now. We have all moved on, and everybody's happy." Mandela could be seen in the stands wearing Williams' Number 11 shirt.

Chester Williams

South Africa were put in a group with Australia, Romania and Canada, but beat them all. They beat Western Samoa in the Quarterfinal, 42-14; and a tough France team in the Semifinal, 19-15. They would host the Final on June 24, at Ellis Park in Johannesburg, the home of South African rugby.

But they would have to play New Zealand. They are known as the All Blacks, referring to their uniforms, as they are multicultural, with players of Samoan descent often leading them in a fierce-looking pregame haka dance. (The New Zealand soccer team is the All Whites, again for their uniforms, not their racial makeup.)

The All Blacks had won the 1st Rugby World Cup, in 1987; and finished 3rd in 1991. They came into this edition as the favorites, mainly because they had the man then regarded as the best player in the world: Jonah Lomu. Scotland player Kenny Logan put it this way: "You could talk about Lionel Messi or Cristiano Ronaldo, that's what Jonah was, someone who could change games if you gave him the ball, wherever he was."

A New Zealander of Tongan ancestry, Lomu had been an all-around track and field star as well. At 6-foot-5 and 262 pounds of solid muscle, Lomu was so effective, his playing style attracted attention from NFL scouts and suggested that he might be able to make the transition to American football. He never tried it, though.

Jonah Lomu

(While a few NFL players had played rugby at a scholastic or collegiate level, only 1 professional rugby player has ever played in the NFL: Hayden Smith, an Australian who played 8 seasons for Saracens in London, and 5 games as a tight end for the New York Jets in 2012. Most of those who've tried out have been cut, or only made the practice squad, never getting into a game.)

New Zealand beat Ireland, Wales and Japan in the Group Stage, their win over Japan being a shocking 145-17. They beat Scotland in the Quarterfinal, and England in the Semifinal. So they had beaten all 4 of the United Kingdom's "Home Nations," given that the Ireland team was a combination of players from the Republic of Ireland and British-controlled Northern Ireland. The Semifinal win over England was 45-29, and that 16-point margin was the closest anyone had come to beating them. Lomu scored 4 tries (touchdowns) in that game. He and teammate Mark Ellis had each scored 7 over the course of the tournament.

(For the sake of perspective: In the Spring tournament then known as the Five Nations Championship, England went 4-0, Scotland 3-1, France 2-2, Ireland 3-1, and Wales 0-4. In 2000, Italy were admitted to the competition, giving it the current name: The Six Nations Championship.)

Essentially, it looked like a battle of a great offense against a great defense: New Zealand had outscored their opponents, 315-104; while South Africa had outscored theirs, 129-55. Average that out, and you get New Zealand 180, South Africa 116. Of course, sports usually doesn't work out anywhere near that way, but enough people thought it would that, despite the Springboks being the hosts, the All Blacks were the worldwide betting favorites. The match kicked off at 1:30 PM local time -- 11:30 AM in London, 6:30 AM on the U.S. East Coast, and 11:30 PM in New Zealand.

South Africa played their own game, relying on their defense. This led to Ruben Kruger, Mark Andrews and Joost van der Westhuizen preventing much progress. Nevertheless, Andrew Mehrtens scored a penalty just 6 minutes in, giving New Zealand a 3-0. In the 11th minute, Joel Stransky tied the game. Each of these men added another penalty to make it 6-6, and in the 32nd minute, Stransky added another, allowing South Africa to take a 9-6 lead into halftime. The policy of "bend, but don't break" seemed to be working.

In the 55th minute, Mehrtens scored another drop goal, to tie it at 9-9. He just missed another late in regular time, but it was still tied at full time, putting the game into extra time. According to the rules, if extra time finished with scores still level, with no side having scored more tries than the other, then the team with the better overall disciplinary record during the tournament would win. That tiebreaker belonged to New Zealand. So South Africa had to score.

But early in the first half, the Springboks were penalized for chasing a Stransky kick from an offside position. From just inside the half-way line, Mehrtens kicked truly to give New Zealand a 12–9 lead. As half-time approached, Stransky put a high kick for his teammates to chase, and from the resultant play, referee Morrison penalized the All Blacks for diving to the ground near the tackle. Right on the stroke of half-time of extra time, Stransky levelled the scores at 12–12.

Joel Stransky

With 7 minutes remaining, Stransky scored a drop goal from 30 meters out (about 33 yards, in U.S. football terms). No tries were scored in the entire match, but South Africa had won, 15-12. They had held a team that had averaged 63 points a match thus far to 1/5th of that.

After the match, Mandela, wearing a Springbok jersey and cap, as head of state for the host nation, presented the Webb Ellis Cup to Captain Pienaar, to the delight of the diverse crowd of 59,870 people.

The story was depicted in the book Playing the Enemy: Mandela and the Game that Made a Nation, by British journalist John Carlin. A screenplay based on that book was filmed as Invictus in 2009, with Clint Eastwood directing. Morgan Freeman as Mandela, Matt Damon as Pienaar, McNeill Hendricks (who had played 2 matches for the Springboks) as Williams, Eastwood's son Scott Eastwood as Stransky; and Isaac Fe'aunati (credited as Zak Fe'aunati), who made 13 appearances for the Samoa national team, as Lomu.

A surprising number of players from that Final have died young: Ruben Kruger from cancer in 2010, at 39; Joost van der Westhuizen from ALS (known in British Commonwealth countries as "motor neurone disease" and in America as "Lou Gehrig's disease) in 2017, at 45; both James Small and Chester Williams from heart attacks in 2019, at 50 and 49, respectively. South Africa's manager, George "Kitch" Christie, died in 1998, from leukemia, at 58. Mandela died in 2015, at 95.

New Zealand star Jonah Lomu married a white South African woman, but it didn't last. Despite all his fame, and an ability to speak 7 languages, he suffered from kidney disease and lost all his money trying to treat it. He died in 2015, only 40 years old.

*

June 24, 1995 was a Saturday. On this same day, the New Jersey Devils beat the Detroit Red Wings, 5-2, at the Brendan Byrne Arena at the Meadowlands in East Rutherford, New Jersey. This completed a 4-game sweep, and gave the Devils their 1st Stanley Cup. I have a separate entry for this event.

And these Major League Baseball games were played:

* The New York Yankees beat those pesky Toronto Blue Jays, 10-2 at Yankee Stadium. The only home run in the game was hit by the Jays' Joe Carter. But, for the Bronx Bombers, Luis Polonia, Wade Boggs and Dion James each got 2 hits. Boggs got 3 RBIs, and James and Paul O'Neill each got 2. This was in support of Melido Perez.

* The New York Mets, as they so often did in those days, lost to the Atlanta Braves, 5-4 at Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium.

* The Montreal Expos beat the Pittsburgh Pirates, 5-0 at the Olympic Stadium in Montreal. Carlos Perez, brother of Melido and Pascual, pitched a 6-hit shutout.

* The Boston Red Sox beat the Baltimore Orioles, 6-5 at Camden yards in Baltimore.

* The Cincinnati Reds beat the Florida Marlins, 5-2 at Riverfront Stadium in Cincinnati.

* The Detroit Tigers beat the Milwaukee Brewers, 7-2 at Tiger Stadium in Detroit.

* The Chicago White Sox beat the Cleveland Indians, 8-3 at the new Comiskey Park (now Rate Field) in Chicago.

* The Philadelphia Phillies beat the St. Louis Cardinals, 10-9 at Busch Memorial Stadium.

* The Minnesota Twins beat the Kansas City Royals, 6-5 at Kauffman Stadium in Kansas City.

* The Texas Rangers beat the Oakland Athletics, 6-5 at The Ballpark (now Choctaw Stadium) in the Dallas suburb of Arlington, Texas.

* The Chicago Cubs beat the Houston Astros, 5-2 at the Astrodome in Houston.

* The San Diego Padres beat the Colorado Rockies, 2-0 at Jack Murphy Stadium in San Diego. Joey Hamilton pitched a 4-hit shutout.

* The Los Angeles Dodgers beat their arch-rivals, the San Francisco Giants, 7-0 at Dodger Stadium in Los Angeles. Hideo Nomo had the night's best pitching performance, pitching a 2-hit shutout and striking out 13.

* And the Seattle Mariners beat the California Angels, 3-2 at the Kingdome in Seattle.

June 20, 1987: The 1st Rugby World Cup Final

Captain David Kirk with the Webb Ellis Cup

June 20, 1987: The Final of the 1st Rugby World Cup is held. New Zealand, co-hosts with Australia, defeat France, 29-9.

Legend has it that, in 1823, at Rugby School in Warwickshire, a England, a 16-year-old student named William Webb Ellis got frustrated during a football match, whose rules forbid carrying the ball, so he picked the ball up, and ran toward the other team's goal, and through the sticks (no goal nets in those days), and put the ball on the ground, thus inventing the touchdown. The other players decided they liked the idea, and rewrote the rules to create "the Rugby game." In his memory, the trophy for the Rugby World Cup is named the William Webb Ellis Cup.

This sounds a lot like the origin story for baseball, supposedly invented by Abner Doubleday at Cooperstown, New York in 1839. Well, the parallels continue: Like General Doubleday, Webb Ellis was a real person, and became a distinguished gentleman. He was from Salford, outside Manchester. He did attend and graduate from the Rugby School, graduated from Oxford University, became a good cricket player, was ordained as a minister, and became one of the most honored Protestant clergymen of the Victorian age.

But, again like Doubleday, he never claimed to have invented the sport in question, nor there is any official record of him having played it. And, again like Doubleday, he was conveniently dead and unable to deny the story once it came out: He died in 1872, and the story was first published in 1876.

And, again like baseball, there is no definitive truthful origin story. The ancient Greeks played a football-like game at least as far back as the 4th Century BC. The Chinese also did so at that time. So while the English popularized "football" all over the world, when they say they invented the sport -- either soccer or rugby -- that's, to borrow their own word, bollocks.

There are actually two "codes" of "rugby football," both of which use an oval ball, from which the oblong "prolate spheroid" of "gridiron football" evolved, and both of which prohibit forward passing. The 2 forms split in 1895. 

Rugby union has 15 men on a side, and goalposts; rugby league is 13-a-side, and doesn't have goalposts. Rugby league has a longer and wider pitch than rugby union. A try (touchdown) is 5 points in rugby union, 4 points in rugby league, followed in both by an attempt for a 2-point conversion. Both sports have a position called a hooker, which may seem funny to us. Rugby league is said to be simpler and quicker.

In each case, matches are 80 minutes, divided into halves. There's also a form of the sport called Rugby sevens, with 7-minute halves. Rugby union features an annual competition, held on weekends every February and March, called the Six Nations: England, Wales, Scotland, a combined Ireland team (players from both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland), France and Italy. 

It also has a World Cup, held every 4 years, in the year before leap years. Outside the Six Nations, the leading powers are South Africa (the Springboks), Australia (the Wallabies) and New Zealand (the All Blacks, referring to their uniforms, as they are multicultural, with players of Samoan descent often leading them in a fierce-looking pregame haka dance). Argentina are usually the best national team in rugby in the Western Hemisphere.

I don't know why it took until 1987 for a sport as popular worldwide as rugby to have a genuine world championship tournament. There were 16 countries invited to the 1st one. The United States was one of them, but was placed in a "group of death," Pool 1, with Australia, England and Japan. (Traditionally, Japan aren't as good at the sport as Australia and England, but, usually, they're considerably better than the U.S.) The action got underway on May 22. The U.S. beat Japan, 21-18; but got pounded by Australia, 47-12; and blasted by England, 34-6. Japan didn't get out of the Pool, either.

Wales and Ireland advanced from Pool 2, while Canada and the Pacific Island nation of Tonga did not. New Zealand and the Pacific Island nation of Fiji advanced from Pool 3, while Italy and Argentina did not. France and Scotland advanced from Pool 4, while Romania and Zimbabwe did not. So, out of the Six Nations, only Italy did not make the knockout stage.

In the Quarterfinals, New Zealand beat Scotland, 30-3; Australia beat Ireland, 33-15; France beat Fiji, 31-16; and Wales beat England, 16-3. In the Semifinals, France upset Australia, 30-24; while New Zealand overwhelmed Wales, 49-6.

The Final was held on June 20, at Eden Park, New Zealand's largest stadium (attendance was 48,035), in Auckland, the country's largest city. (Its capital city is Wellington, which, like Auckland, is on the country's north island. Christchurch is the largest city on the south island.) The referee was Kerry Fitzgerald, from Australia, which should have made him neutral, although Australia and New Zealand, due to their status as neighbors, are rivals. No one has ever suggested that he officiated this game unfairly.

New Zealand, as traditional, wore all black. (Their soccer teams go the opposite way, and are known as the All Whites.) France's rugby team matched their soccer team, wearing blue shirts, white pants and red socks. It has been suggested that France used up most of their emotion in their Semifinal upset of Australia, and they played a bit too conservatively in the 1st half of the Final, playing mainly for territory and position.

In the 14th minute, Grant Fox scored on a drop kick, giving New Zealand a 3-0 lead, and settling whatever nerves they might have had. Just 3 minutes later, Michael Jones, a flanker of Samoan descent, and considered the best player in the sport at the time, scored a try. The score was 9-0 at halftime.

France got on the board with a penalty early in the 2nd half, but New Zealand still controlled the game. It was 29-3 before Pierre Berbizier scored a try on the last play of the game, and New Zealand won, 29-9.

New Zealand have now won it 3 times, also doing so in 2011 and 2015. South Africa have matched them with 3 wins, in 1995, 2007 and 2019. Australia have won it twice, in 1991 and 1999. England have won it once, in 2003. France have reached 3 Finals, but never won it. The U.S. have never gotten out of the Group Stage, and didn't even qualify for the 1995 edition. The next Rugby World Cup will be held in France, from September 8 to October 28, 2023, and the U.S. have failed to qualify.

*

June 20, 1987 was a Sunday. These Major League Baseball games were played:

* The New York Yankees lose to the Boston Red Sox, 9-4 at Fenway Park in Boston. Al Nipper pitched a complete game, and Tommy John didn't get out of the 5th inning. Dwight Evans hit a home run for the Sox, Mike Pagliarulo for the Yanks. Don Mattingly and Rickey Henderson didn't play, and Dave Winfield went 1-for-2 with 2 walks.

* The New York Mets beat the Philadelphia Phillies, 3-2 at Shea Stadium. The Phils led 2-1 in the bottom of the 8th, but Howard Johnson tied it with a home run. Kevin McReynolds won it with a sacrifice fly in the bottom of the 9th. Mike Schmidt went 0-for-4.

* The Baltimore Orioles were leading the Detroit Tigers, 9-4 at Memorial Stadium, when a rain delay arrived in the top of the 9th. The game was suspended, and resumed the next night. The Tigers could not complete a comeback, and the Orioles won, 9-5. Eddie Murray went 0-for-4 with a walk. Cal Ripken went 2-for-4 with a walk. The Tigers then won the regularly-scheduled game, 9-3.

* The Atlanta Braves beat the Cincinnati Reds, 8-6 at Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium.

* The Milwaukee Brewers beat the Toronto Blue Jays, 3-2 at Exhibition Stadium in Toronto. Robin Yount went 0-for-4, and Paul Molitor went 0-for-2 with a walk, and drove in a run with a sacrifice bunt.

* The Cleveland Indians beat the Seattle Mariners, 9-2 at Cleveland Municipal Stadium.

* The Pittsburgh Pirates beat the Chicago Cubs, 8-2 at Wrigley Field in Chicago.

* The Montreal Expos beat the St. Louis Cardinals, 7-5 at Busch Memorial Stadium in St. Louis.

* The Chicago White Sox beat the Minnesota Twins, 10-5 at the Metrodome in Minneapolis.

* The Houston Astros beat the Los Angeles Dodgers, 3-2 at the Astrodome in Houston. Mike Scott outpitched Tim Leary.

* The San Diego Padres beat the San Francisco Giants, 10-4 at Jack Murphy Stadium in San Diego. Tony Gwynn went 3-for-5 with an RBI.

* The Kansas City Royals beat the California Angels, 8-4 at Anaheim Stadium (now Angel Stadium of Anaheim). George Brett went 1-for-3 with a home run, 2 walks and 2 RBIs.

* And the Texas Rangers beat the Oakland Athletics, 7-6 at the Oakland Coliseum. Reggie Jackson, in his last season, went 1-for-4 with 2 RBIs, and was hit with a pitch.