November 4, 1899: Dr. Sigmund Freud publishes Die Traumdeutung -- "The Interpretation of Dreams." It becomes his signature work, and marks him as "the father of psychoanalysis."
"Insight such as this falls to one's lot but once in a lifetime," he said, throwing all modesty to the wind.
Freud suggested that dreams are formed as the result of two mental processes. The first process involves unconscious forces that construct a wish that is expressed by the dream, and the second is the process of censorship that forcibly distorts the expression of the wish. In Freud's view, all dreams are forms of "wish fulfillment."
Freud advanced the idea that an analyst can differentiate between the manifest content and latent content of a dream. The manifest content refers to the remembered narrative that plays out in the dream itself. The latent content refers to the underlying meaning of the dream. During sleep, the unconscious condenses, displaces, and forms representations of the dream content, the latent content of which is often unrecognizable to the individual upon waking.
If there's two things that people think they know about Freud, it's "He thought everything was about sex," and "He blamed every psychological issue on a person's mother." Critics have argued that Freud's theory of dreams requires sexual interpretation. Freud, however, contested the former of these criticisms: "The assertion that all dreams require a sexual interpretation, against which critics rage so incessantly, occurs nowhere in my Interpretation of Dreams. It is not to be found in any of the numerous editions of this book and is in obvious contradiction to other views expressed in it."
And while he used cigars and tunnels as metaphors for sex, he also famously said, "Sometimes, a cigar is just a cigar."
A 2019 episode of the YouTube series Epic Rap Battles of History featured "Nice" Peter Shukoff playing Freud, an atheist who seemed to be obsessed with sex; and Cara Francis, who wears aging makeup and plays "Rapping Grandma," playing Mother Teresa, a Catholic nun. Freud enjoyed writing about humor, and, as played by Peter, he found it funny that she not only was celibate, but was unattractive enough for him to say, "Jokes I could make about your appearance, abundant. Your chastity vow, redundant."
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November 4, 1899 was a Saturday. Baseball season was over. Professional hockey didn't exist. Basketball barely existed at all. But, among others, these college football games were played:
* Yale beat Army, 24-0 on The Plain at West Point, New York.
* Princeton beat Brown, 18-6 at Osborne Field in Princeton.
* Amherst beat MIT, 12-5 at Pratt Field in Amherst, Massachusetts.
* Lafayette beat arch-rival Lehigh, 17-0 at March Field in Easton, Pennsylvania.
* Bucknell beat Penn State, 5-0 it Lewisburg, Pennsylvania.
* Harvard beat Penn, 16-0 at the original Franklin Field in Philadelphia.
* Navy beat North Carolina, 12-0 at Worden Field in Annapolis, Maryland.
* Michigan beat Virginia, 38-0 at Regents Field in Ann Arbor, Michigan.
* Notre Dame beat Rush Medical, 17-0 at Cartier Field in South Bend, indiana.
* Indiana beat the University of Cincinnati, 35-0 at Jordan Field in Bloomington, Indiana.
* The University of Chicago beat Purdue, 44-0 at Marshall Field in Chicago.
* Northwestern beat Minnesota, 11-5 at Northrop Field in Minneapolis.
* And Iowa beat Nebraska, 30-0 at Antelope Field in Lincoln, Nebraska.
Also, Woolwich Arsenal lost 2-0 to Newton Heath, at Bank Street in Manchester. In 1902, Newton Heath was renamed Manchester United. In 1910, they moved from Bank Street, which was adjacent to an open sewer and thus unacceptable, to Old Trafford in Salford. In 1913, Woolwich Arsenal moved from Plumstead in Kent (now in Southeast London) to Highbury in North London. In 1914, they dropped the locality from their name, and became simply "Arsenal."
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