Andrea Doria (1466-1560) was an admiral who reformed the Republic of Genoa, and a figure in what became known as the Italian Renaissance. Today, however, he is mainly remembered as the namesake of this ill-fated ship.
The Italian Line, now known as the Italia Line, launched the SS Andrea Doria in 1951, and it became its country's greatest cruise ship, a symbol of the national pride that had to be rebuilt after World War II and the Fascist dictatorship of Benito Mussolini. It rivaled Britain's RMS Queen Elizabeth, France's SS Île de France, and America's SS United States in transatlantic sea luxury.
On July 17, 1956, at 11:00 AM local time, Andrea Doria left Genoa, Italy's main western port and hometown of the ship's namesake, on its 51st western crossing of the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean.
Later that afternoon, it stopped at Cannes, on the French Riviera. Boarding there was Mike Stoller, who had written "Hound Dog" with Jerry Lieber. As recorded by Willie Mae "Big Mama" Thornton, it was the top rhythm & blues song of 1953. Also boarding there were Richardson Dilworth, then the Mayor of Philadelphia; and actress Ruth Roman and her 3-year-old son Richard; and actress Betsy Drake, then married to actor Cary Grant.
The ship then sailed southeast, arriving in Naples, Italy the next day, and that's where the majority of her passengers boarded. On July 20, she stopped at the British colony of Gibraltar on the coast of Spain, picked up a few more passengers, and headed across the Atlantic.
At midday on July 25, the MS Stockholm, a passenger liner of the Swedish American Line, left New York, heading for Gothenburg, Sweden. She was about half the size of Andrea Doria, and faster. There was fog off the coast of Nantucket, an island to the south of Massachusetts. Using radar, the 2 ships were aware of each other that night.
But they each made a critical mistake, independent of each other. Andrea Doria turned left, so that the ships would pass each other on their right, or "starboard" sides. But Stockholm turned right, so that they would pass each other on their left, or "port" sides. In other words, each ship was steered into the other's path. At 11:10 PM, Eastern Time, on July 25, both traveling at over 40 miles per hour, they collided.
Andrea Doria's generator room flooded, knocking out electrical power. Within 30 minutes, the decision was made to abandon ship. But the lifeboats were inaccessible due to the ship's listing: Those on the port side were too high in the air, and those on the starboard side were too low.
The crew and passengers did catch one lucky break: The Île de France had left New York the same day, and was only 44 miles away when her crew received the distress signal. She arrived 3 hours after receiving the signal, and, in another lucky break, the fog lifted.
Also having left New York that day, and nearby, were a U.S. Navy transport, the USNS Private William H. Thomas, and a destroyer, the USS Edward H. Allen. The Cape Ann, a freighter owned by the United Fruit Company, was also nearby. Each of these ships participated in the rescue. Even Stockholm, determined not to be in danger of sinking, participated in the rescue operations, launching its own lifeboats.
In all, 1,663 passengers and crew were rescued from Andrea Doria, including Stoller, Dilworth, Mrs. Grant and the Romans. But 46 people died. At 10:00 AM on July 26, the ship fell fully beneath the waves.
When the Stollers got back to New York, they were greeted by Lieber, who told them that “Hound Dog” had become a Number 1 hit for Elvis Presley. Having been in Europe most of the year, Stoller said, “Elvis who?” Thanks to Elvis releasing that one recording, neither Lieber nor Stoller ever had to work another day in their lives. They went on to write several more hits for Elvis, including "Jailhouse Rock"; plus most of The Coasters' hits, and several of The Drifters' hits.
The Captain of the doomed Italian liner was Piero Calamai, who had been decorated by his country in both World Wars. He retired after the rescue. To make matters worse, the following year, his brother Marco, also an Admiral, was lost at sea. Piero Calamai died in 1972, having said, "Before, I used to love the sea. Now, I hate it."
Stockholm underwent repairs, and returned to service. She was renamed several times, and last sailed in 2019, before COVID began shutting everything down, with cruise ships then being a major carrier of it. Her current name is MV Astoria, and, believed to be the oldest cruise ship afloat (launched in 1948), she is currently being retrofitted as a ferry between the Portuguese cities of Lisbon and Funchal.
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July 25, 1956 was a Wednesday. It was the off-season for the NFL, the NBA and the NHL. These Major League Baseball games were played on the day:
* The New York Yankees beat the Chicago White Sox, 10-1 at Comiskey Park in Chicago. Whitey Ford went the distance. No home runs, but Yogi Berra had 3 hits and 3 RBIs, while Hank Bauer, Gil McDougald and Moose Skowron each had 2 hits. Mickey Mantle went 1-for-5, his hit a double.
* The New York Giants lost to the Milwaukee Braves, 7-4 at the Polo Grounds. This time, Bobby Thomson hit a home run against the Giants, as did Eddie Mathews. Thomson had 4 RBIs. Hank Aaron went 1-for-5. Bill White hit a home run for the Jints, and Willie Mays went 1-for-3.
* The Brooklyn Dodgers beat the Cincinnati Redlegs, 2-1 at Ebbets Field. The Cincinnati team was the Redlegs, instead of the Reds, from 1954 to 1959. They got their only run on a solo homer by rookie sensation Frank Robinson. The Dodgers' runs also came on solo homers, by Carl Furillo and Duke Snider, in support of Don Newcombe. Jackie Robinson did not play.
* The St. Louis Cardinals beat the Philadelphia Phillies, 8-7 at Connie Mack Stadium in Philadelphia. Wally Moon hit a home run to send the game to extra innings, but the Cards scored 2 runs in the top of the 10th, while the Phils could only score 1 in the bottom half. Stan Musial went 1-for-5 with 2 RBIs.
* The Pittsburgh Pirates beat the Chicago Cubs, 9-8 at Forbes Field in Pittsburgh.
* The Cleveland Indians beat the Washington Senators, 11-3 at Cleveland Municipal Stadium.
* The Detroit Tigers beat the Baltimore Orioles, 6-2 at Briggs Stadium in Detroit. The ballpark would be renamed Tiger Stadium in 1961.
* And the Kansas City Athletics beat the Boston Red Sox, 9-6 at Kansas City Municipal Stadium. Ted Williams went 1-for-3.
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