September 9, 1966: "The Green Hornet" Premieres On TV

Lee, and Williams aiming the Hornet Sting,

behind the Black Beauty

September 9, 1966, 60 years ago: Riding the success of his version of Batman, ABC premieres producer William Dozier's update of the Green Hornet. While Dozier narrated every episode of Batman, he only narrates the opening montage of The Green Hornet, with Al Hirt on trumpet leading Billy May's orchestra in playing the character's established theme song, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov's 1900 composition "Flight of the Bumblebee."

Van Williams, one of the stars of the earlier private detective series Surfside 6, plays Britt Reid, publisher of the Daily Sentinel newspaper in an unidentified city -- updated for this version as also owning a TV station -- who embarks as a masked hero pretending to be a masked criminal, in order to sabotage rackets from within.

Bruce Lee, not yet widely known, plays Reid's valet Kato, thus making the character Chinese, where he had previously been Japanese and, later, due to rising tensions with Japan, Filipino on radio, and Korean in the 1940s film serials.

While Kato's mechanical genius and driving expertise had been established on the radio in 1936, and emphasized in the 1940 and '41 film serials, he had rarely been shown fighting before, and was either unknown or mainly an accessory as far as the Hornet's opponents were concerned. Lee's skills made him, and all versions of Kato who have followed, a martial arts wizard, and a familiar and indispensable partner for the hero-playing-villain.

In the radio show and the film serials, Kato had souped-up Britt's car, the Black Beauty. For the TV series, it was a 1966 Chrysler Imperial, and Kato loaded it to the point where it was a more powerful car, in terms of speed and weaponry, than Adam West's Batmobile.

As with the radio and the movies, Kato invented the Hornet's signature weapon, a gun that produced knockout gas. For the TV series, he also invented the Hornet Sting, a retractable weapon the fired sonic waves that could start fires, pick locks, and, at full power, blow down steel doors. I saw a YouTube comment that called it "The Cadillac of Weapons."

Only 2 others know the Hornet's dual identity. Britt's secretary, Lenore Case, an unknowing sympathizer in the film serials, who had found out and later married him on the radio show, here knows the secret from the beginning. Britt maintains a playboy image, and she is rather jealous, but he does give indications that he loves her, too. She is played on TV by Wende Wagner.

Also knowing is District Attorney Frank Scanlon, played by Walter Brooke (the "plastics" advisor in The Graduate), who tips Britt off to suspected rackets and helps where he can. On the radio, it had been the police commissioner who took this role, but since Batman already had Commissioner Jim Gordon, Dozier decided to change this.

The other constant character is Mike Axford, the Daily Sentinel's crime reporter and an old friend of Britt's father, the Sentinel's previous publisher. Lloyd Gough played down Axford’s previously-established stereotypical Irish accent and well-meaning bumbling, but kept the pride of an aging crimebuster and the clueless hatred of the Hornet.

The first episode is titled "The Silent Gun," and shows the Hornet and Kato already established, as the series never shows an origin story, only once alluding to Britt having taken to fighting crime due to his father having been framed for murder. (The large painting of the elder Reid in Britt's office suggests that his name was cleared, but whether this happened before he died is left hanging.)

Despite taking a serious approach – Williams said he wouldn't have done the series if it was campy like Batman -- poor ratings led ABC to try a crossover episode with Batman, suggesting that Britt Reid and Bruce Wayne were rivals since childhood (but definitely establishing that Britt lives somewhere other than Gotham City). That couldn't save the show. Nor could the sloppy "Alias the Scarf," in which the Hornet took on a villain coming out of retirement. Nor could the desperately campy 2-part season finale, "Invasion from Outer Space," which became the series finale, airing on March 17, 1967.

Lee stunningly died at age 33 in 1973. Gough died in 1984, Brooke in 1986, Dozier in 1991, Wagner in 1997, Hirt in 1999, May in 2004, Williams in 2016.

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September 9, 1966 was a Friday. These Major League Baseball games were played:

* The New York Yankees beat the Boston Red Sox, 2-1 at Fenway Park in Boston. Fred Talbot outpitched Darrell "Bucky" Brandon. Steve Whitaker went 0-for-4 for the Yankees. Pitcher Jim Bouton did not get into the game. All 3 would end up on the expansion Seattle Pilots in 1969.

Whitaker was playing center field, giving Mickey Mantle a day off. Roger Maris, in what turned out to be his last month as a Yankee, went 0-for-2 with a walk, and an RBI on a sacrifice fly. Carl Yatrzemski went 0-for-2 with 2 walks.

* The New York Mets lost to the Atlanta Braves, 8-3 at Shea Stadium. The Braves scored 4 runs in the 8th and 1 in the 9th to win it. Hank Aaron went 0-for-3 with a walk. Joe Torre went 2-for-4 with a home run, a walk, and 2 RBIs. Rico Carty went 4-for-5 with 4 RBIs.

* The Philadelphia Phillies beat the Cincinnati Reds, 7-6 at Connie Mack Stadium in Philadelphia. Tony Taylor went 3-for-4 with 2 RBIs. Pete Rose went 2-for-4.

* The Pittsburgh Pirates beat the St. Louis Cardinals, 3-2 at Forbes Field in Pittsburgh. In the bottom of the 12th inning, Bill Mazeroski hit a sacrifice fly that scored Matty Alou with the winning run. Roberto Clemente went 4-for-5 with a walk. Willie Stargell went 1-for-3 with a walk and 2 RBIs. Lou Brock went 0-for-4, but drew a walk and stole a base.

* The Cleveland Indians beat the California Angels, 8-7 at Cleveland Municipal Stadium. The Angels scored a run in the top of the 10th inning, but Bill Davis hit a 2-run home run in the bottom of the 10th. Luis Tiant ended up as the winning pitcher.

* The Chicago White Sox beat the Washington Senators, 1-0 at Comiskey Park in Chicago. In the bottom of the 10th inning, John Romano grounded to 3rd baseman Ken McMullen, who bobbled it, allowing Tommie Agee to score the only run of the game. This makes Hoyt Wilhelm a winning pitcher in relief of Gary Peters.

* The Minnesota Twins beat the Baltimore Orioles, 6-1 at Metropolitan Stadium in the Minneapolis suburb of Bloomington, Minnesota. Jim Kaat advanced to 23-9 on the season, and would finish 25-13. Harmon Killebrew went 1-for-3 with 2 RBIs. Don Mincher went 2-for-3 with a walk and 3 RBIs. Frank Robinson went 1-for-4. Brooks Robinson went 0-for-3 with a walk.

* The Kansas City Athletics beat the Detroit Tigers, 2-1 at Kansas City Municipal Stadium. Mickey Lolich walked rookie pinch-hitter Rick Monday with the bases loaded in the bottom of the 10th inning, forcing Bert Campaneris home with the winning run. Al Kaline went 1-for-1... with 4 walks.

* The Los Angeles Dodgers beat the Houston Astros, 7-0 at Dodger Stadium in Los Angeles. Claude Osteen pitched a 3-hit shutout.

* And the Chicago Cubs beat the San Francisco Giants, 6-0 at Candlestick Park in San Francisco. Ken Holtzman allowed 3 hits over 7 2/3rds innings, and Bill Hands finished the 4-hit shutout, outpitching Juan Marichal. Ernie Banks went 1-for-4 with an RBI. Willie Mays went 0-for-1 with 3 walks. Willie McCovey went 2-for-4.

The NFL season started the next day. There was 1 game played in the AFL on this night: The New York Jets beat the Miami Dolphins, 19-14 at the Orange Bowl in Miami. It was only the 2nd regular-season game played by the expansion Dolphins: On September 2, also at home, they lost to the Oakland Raiders, 23-14. The day when the Orange Bowl stadium would become a fortress for the Dolphins was a few years off; for the University of Miami Hurricanes, even further.

January 31, 1936: "The Green Hornet" Debuts

Gordon Jones in the 1940 serial

January 31, 1936: The Green Hornet debuts on Detroit radio station WXYZ, 1270 on the AM dial, created by station owner George W. Trendle and writer Fran Striker.

The Green Hornet was Britt Reid, the wealthy publisher of a newspaper, The Daily Sentinel, who saw a crime wave in his city, and decided that what was needed was "a modern-day Robin Hood," so he took on the masked persona and pretended to be a competing gangster, muscling in on bad guys' territory, and setting them up to be captured by the cops.

He was assisted by Kato, an Asian mechanical genius, who designed and built the character's knockout-gas gun, and turned Britt's car into the souped-up "Black Beauty." Originally, Kato was said to be Japanese. But by the time of the 1st film serial in 1940, the Japanese were committing war crimes against China, so the character was rewritten as Korean. Although a capable fighter, his only use of martial arts, in either of the film serials, was the occasional judo chop.

On radio, the Hornet was played by Al Hodge from 1936 to 1945. He would later star as the early science fiction TV hero Captain Video. Bob Hall took over the role in 1945, and Jack McCarthy was the last in the role, from 1947 to 1952. Kato was played by Raymond Toyo, and later by Rollon Parker. For the entire run, it was directed by James Jewell, and his sister, Leonore Jewell Allman, played Lenore Case, Britt's secretary, who occasionally had to be rescued by the Green Hornet, and finally discovered his secret identity in 1948.

In 1947, Britt revealed his identity to the Daily Sentinel's actual owner, his father, Dan Reid Jr. The father had his own revelation, that Britt was not the first fighter for justice in the family: Dan is the son of Dan Reid, a Texas Ranger who was martyred, and whose brother fought criminals in the Wild West as the Lone Ranger. The Reid family fortune came from the silver mine that also supplied the Ranger's bullets.

The radio show could legally do this, because Trendle and Striker had created the Lone Ranger 3 years earlier, and his show was still running, with WXYZ as its flagship station. Every subsequent version of the Hornet has added a generation, but he's still descended from the Lone Ranger's martyred brother.

Two film serials were produced: The Green Hornet in 1940, with Gordon Jones in the title role; and The Green Hornet Strikes Again! in 1941, with Warren Hull starring. Both were directed by Ford Beebe. In both versions, Kato was played by Keye Luke, who had already become famous playing Lee Chan, the "number one son" in the Charlie Chan films.

Anne Nagel played Lenore Case, who supported the Hornet; and Wade Boteler played Mike Axford, the paper's leading reporter, who opposed the Hornet, seeing only the criminal side of him, not the "Robin Hood" side. Neither discovered his true identity over the length of the serials.

In 1966, William Dozier, creator and producer of the Batman TV series, wanted to try another superhero show. For his version of The Green Hornet, he cast former Surfside Six star Van Williams as Reid, who was made a rich man of his time: A swinging playboy who, in addition to his newspaper, also ran a TV station, known as Daily Sentinel TV. It used the initials DSTV, so that it couldn't be pinned down to a single city, and thus not have to start with a W (indicating that it was in the Eastern U.S.) or a K (the West). Nor was a channel number ever mentioned.

Hong Kong-based actor and martial arts expert Bruce Lee was cast as Kato -- allegedly, because he was the only Asian-American actor that Dozier could find who could properly pronounce the name "Britt Reid." The character was every bit the genius as before, adding to the hero's arsenal a "Hornet Sting": A device that looked like a walking stick, and used sound waves as a weapon.

Van Williams (left) and Bruce Lee.
Kato never got a "superhero name."

To match Lee, his ethnicity was changed to Chinese, and one episode, "The Praying Mantis," included the Hornet and Kato taking on the unnamed city's Chinese gangs, or "tongs," as a friend of Kato's was the son of a tong leader who was trying to take his group legitimate, and their rivals didn't want them to "go straight."

Aside from Kato, 2 characters knew Britt's secret identity from the beginning. Wende Wagner played Lenore Case, or "Casey." And while Batman had the city's police commissioner as his establishment ally (but not knowing his secret identity), Dozier didn't want the Hornet's ally to have the exact same job, so Walter Brooke was cast as the District Attorney, Frank Scanlon, who did know.

Lloyd Gough played Mike Axford, the Daily Sentinel’s crime reporter, said to be an old friend of Britt's father, the Sentinel's previous publisher. Gough played down Axford's previously-established stereotypical Irish accent and well-meaning bumbling, but kept the character's clueless hatred of the Hornet, and the pride of an aging crimebuster who occasionally got in over his head while pursuing a story, and had to be reluctantly (on his part) rescued by the Hornet.

A key difference this time is that Britt's father, seen only in a portrait in his office, is dead. The episode "The Frog Is a Deadly Weapon" mentions that he had been framed for murder, though it is left ambiguous as to whether he was convicted and died in prison, or acquitted and then the stress of the experience killed him. What is clear is that he was set up by a gangster that the elder Reid was pursuing, Glenn Connors, played by Victor Jory. Finally given the chance to do so, the Hornet defeated him in the episode.

Unlike with Batman, Dozier did not narrate the show, but he did narrate its opening, which sounds like a holdover from the days of radio:

Another challenge for the Green Hornet, his aide Kato, and their rolling arsenal, the Black Beauty. On police records a wanted criminal, the Green Hornet is really Britt Reid, owner-publisher of the Daily Sentinel. His dual identity is known only to his secretary, and to the District Attorney. And now, to protect the rights and lives of decent citizens, rides The Green Hornet!

Just as The Lone Ranger kept Giacomo Rossini's William Tell Overture as its theme song when making the transition from radio to TV, The Green Hornet had a familiar classical piece as a theme: Flight of the Bumblebee, composed in 1900 by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, played by the great jazz trumpeter Al Hirt, while Lionel Newman conducted the orchestra in an arrangement by Billy May, who was responsible for the arrangements in some of Frank Sinatra's best work.

Van Williams said he wouldn't have done the series if it was going to be as campy as Batman. At first, it wasn't. But the ratings were never good. A crossover with Batman, "A Piece of the Action" and "Batman's Satisfaction," aired, establishing that Bruce Wayne and Britt Reid were rivals.

A fight between Batman and the Green Hornet, and between Robin and Kato, ended in a draw as the police came in. Lee insisted: He was willing to lose a fight to Batman, since it was his show; but his pride was such that he refused to lose a fight to Robin, a character then seen widely as a joke. (This was long before, in the comics, Dick Grayson, the original Robin, became Nightwing and the leader of the Teen Titans, and became regarded as a character who, while keeping his sense of humor and sunny attitude, could be taken much more seriously.)

The crossover didn't help the ratings, and the show was canceled after 1 season. Lee wrote Dozier a letter thanking him for "my start in show business."

The Green Hornet appeared in a few comic books, including one showing the nephew of the '66 Britt Reid and the niece of the '66 Kato fighting crime together, with Diana Reid, daughter of Britt and Casey (and thus the 1st cousin of this younger Britt), filling in for the deceased Scanlon as D.A.

In 2010, Seth Rogen made a Green Hornet film, playing the starring role as a ridiculous playboy who, unlike previous editions of the character, was a wasted disappointment to his father, but nevertheless enlists the help of Kato, played by Jay Chou, to avenge him after his murder by a Russian gangster, played by Christoph Waltz with his usual bad-guy scenery-chewing. Cameron Diaz played Lenore Case. Michel Gondry directed. The film flopped: It infuriated the character's existing fans (myself included), and didn't add many new ones. 

Also in 2010, filmmaker Kevin Smith, long with an interest in superheroes and comic books, began writing a series for the Green Hornet, which still runs, set in the present day, with a female Kato. In July 2020, he announced plans to develop a Green Hornet animated TV series, based on his series. As of January 31, 2022, a new film project, separate from Smith's idea, is also planned.

In 1978, WXYZ, the station where the Green Hornet and the Lone Ranger debuted, switched from music to talk. In 1984, the call letters were changed from the alphabetical closure WXYZ to WXYT, the "T" standing for "Talk." In 2000, it switched to sports/talk, and was rebranded as "The Bet Detroit" in 2021.

Wade Boteler died in 1943, Fran Striker in 1962, Gordon Jones in 1963, Anne Nagel in 1966, Rollon Parker in 1968, George Trendle in 1972, Bruce Lee in 1973, Warren Hull in 1974, James Jewell in 1975, Ford Beebe in 1978, Al Hodge in 1979, Lloyd Gough in 1984, Walter Brooke in 1986, Bob Hall and Leonore Allman in 1989, Keye Luke and William Dozier in 1991, Jack McCarthy in 1996, Wende Wagner in 1997, Al Hirt in 1999, Raymond Toyo in 2000, and Van Williams in 2016.

(UPDATE: On June 23, 2022, it was announced that Leigh Whannell, the Australian filmmaker who co-created the Saw franchise, would direct the reboot. On April 7, 2023, it was reported that Chris Pine would play the Hornet, but this was not confirmed. As of January 31, 2026, the 90th anniversary of the premiere of the radio series, both the film reboot and the animated TV series remain in limbo.)

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January 31, 1936 was a Friday. Baseball and football were out of season. The NBA hadn't been founded yet. And there were no games scheduled in the NHL. So there were no scores on this historic day.